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Oracle 23ai 신기능
무료 세미나 발표자료
다운로드
trending_flat
2024
10.12
14:00
10.12
14:00
OS 환경 : Oracle Linux 8.4 (64bit)
DB 환경 : Oracle Database 19.3.0.0
방법 : Oracle Linux 8.4에 Oracle 19c Silent 모드 설치 가이드
본문에서는 Oracle Linux 8.4에 Oracle 19c 를 Silent 모드로 설치하는 방법을 설명함
참고로 엔진 설치 전까지의 작업은
Oracle Linux 8.4에 Oracle 19c 설치 가이드 ( https://positivemh.tistory.com/1144 )
이 게시글과 동일함
OS 설치는 아래 게시물 참조
Oracle linux 8.4 설치 가이드( https://positivemh.tistory.com/761 )
hostname : ora19
DB 설치파일
LINUX.X64_193000_db_home.zip
오라클 설치 전 사전 설정
preinstall rpm 설치
공식홈페이지에서 preinstall rpm 다운로드 후 서버에 업로드
https://yum.oracle.com/repo/OracleLinux/OL8/appstream/x86_64/getPackage/oracle-database-preinstall-19c-1.0-2.el8.x86_64.rpm
또는 curl로 서버에 직접 다운로드
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# curl -o oracle-database-preinstall-19c-1.0-2.el8.x86_64.rpm https://yum.oracle.com/repo/OracleLinux/OL8/appstream/x86_64/getPackage/oracle-database-preinstall-19c-1.0-2.el8.x86_64.rpm
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preinstall 패키지 설치
perinstall 패키지 설치 시 os 커널 파라미터가 설정되고, oracle 유저와 oinstall, dba 등 설치에 필요한 권한 유저가 생성되고, 필요한 패키지가 설치됨
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# dnf -y localinstall oracle-database-preinstall-19c-1.0-2.el8.x86_64.rpm
Oracle Linux 8 BaseOS Latest (x86_64) 14 MB/s | 79 MB 00:05
Oracle Linux 8 Application Stream (x86_64) 11 MB/s | 62 MB 00:05
Latest Unbreakable Enterprise Kernel Release 6 for Oracle Linux 8 (x86_64) 13 MB/s | 99 MB 00:07
Last metadata expiration check: 0:00:17 ago on Mon 26 Aug 2024 07:32:47 PM KST.
Dependencies resolved.
==============================================================================================================================================================
Package Architecture Version Repository Size
==============================================================================================================================================================
Installing:
oracle-database-preinstall-19c x86_64 1.0-2.el8 @commandline 31 k
Installing dependencies:
ksh x86_64 20120801-267.0.1.el8 ol8_appstream 923 k
libaio-devel x86_64 0.3.112-1.el8 ol8_baseos_latest 19 k
libnsl x86_64 2.28-151.0.1.el8 ol8_baseos_latest 102 k
lm_sensors-libs x86_64 3.4.0-23.20180522git70f7e08.el8 ol8_baseos_latest 59 k
sysstat x86_64 11.7.3-13.0.1.el8_10 ol8_appstream 426 k
Transaction Summary
==============================================================================================================================================================
Install 6 Packages
Total size: 1.5 M
Total download size: 1.5 M
Installed size: 5.0 M
Downloading Packages:
(1/5): libaio-devel-0.3.112-1.el8.x86_64.rpm 34 kB/s | 19 kB 00:00
(2/5): lm_sensors-libs-3.4.0-23.20180522git70f7e08.el8.x86_64.rpm 88 kB/s | 59 kB 00:00
(3/5): libnsl-2.28-151.0.1.el8.x86_64.rpm 115 kB/s | 102 kB 00:00
(4/5): sysstat-11.7.3-13.0.1.el8_10.x86_64.rpm 733 kB/s | 426 kB 00:00
(5/5): ksh-20120801-267.0.1.el8.x86_64.rpm 1.0 MB/s | 923 kB 00:00
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Total 1.1 MB/s | 1.5 MB 00:01
warning: /var/cache/dnf/ol8_baseos_latest-e4c6155830ad002c/packages/libaio-devel-0.3.112-1.el8.x86_64.rpm: Header V3 RSA/SHA256 Signature, key ID ad986da3: NOKEY
Oracle Linux 8 BaseOS Latest (x86_64) 1.9 MB/s | 3.1 kB 00:00
Importing GPG key 0xAD986DA3:
Userid : "Oracle OSS group (Open Source Software group) <build@oss.oracle.com>"
Fingerprint: 76FD 3DB1 3AB6 7410 B89D B10E 8256 2EA9 AD98 6DA3
From : /etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-oracle
Key imported successfully
Running transaction check
Transaction check succeeded.
Running transaction test
Transaction test succeeded.
Running transaction
Preparing : 1/1
Installing : ksh-20120801-267.0.1.el8.x86_64 1/6
Running scriptlet: ksh-20120801-267.0.1.el8.x86_64 1/6
Installing : lm_sensors-libs-3.4.0-23.20180522git70f7e08.el8.x86_64 2/6
Running scriptlet: lm_sensors-libs-3.4.0-23.20180522git70f7e08.el8.x86_64 2/6
/sbin/ldconfig: /etc/ld.so.conf.d/kernel-5.4.17-2102.201.3.el8uek.x86_64.conf:6: hwcap directive ignored
Installing : sysstat-11.7.3-13.0.1.el8_10.x86_64 3/6
Running scriptlet: sysstat-11.7.3-13.0.1.el8_10.x86_64 3/6
Installing : libnsl-2.28-151.0.1.el8.x86_64 4/6
Installing : libaio-devel-0.3.112-1.el8.x86_64 5/6
Running scriptlet: oracle-database-preinstall-19c-1.0-2.el8.x86_64 6/6
Installing : oracle-database-preinstall-19c-1.0-2.el8.x86_64 6/6
Running scriptlet: oracle-database-preinstall-19c-1.0-2.el8.x86_64 6/6
/sbin/ldconfig: /etc/ld.so.conf.d/kernel-5.4.17-2102.201.3.el8uek.x86_64.conf:6: hwcap directive ignored
Verifying : libaio-devel-0.3.112-1.el8.x86_64 1/6
Verifying : libnsl-2.28-151.0.1.el8.x86_64 2/6
Verifying : lm_sensors-libs-3.4.0-23.20180522git70f7e08.el8.x86_64 3/6
Verifying : ksh-20120801-267.0.1.el8.x86_64 4/6
Verifying : sysstat-11.7.3-13.0.1.el8_10.x86_64 5/6
Verifying : oracle-database-preinstall-19c-1.0-2.el8.x86_64 6/6
Installed:
ksh-20120801-267.0.1.el8.x86_64 libaio-devel-0.3.112-1.el8.x86_64 libnsl-2.28-151.0.1.el8.x86_64
lm_sensors-libs-3.4.0-23.20180522git70f7e08.el8.x86_64 oracle-database-preinstall-19c-1.0-2.el8.x86_64 sysstat-11.7.3-13.0.1.el8_10.x86_64
Complete!
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자동 설정 후 수동설정 파일 확인필요
/etc/sysctl.conf 확인
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# vi /etc/sysctl.conf
fs.file-max = 6815744
kernel.sem = 250 32000 100 128
kernel.shmmni = 4096
kernel.shmall = 4294967296
kernel.shmmax = 4294967296
kernel.panic_on_oops = 1
net.core.rmem_default = 262144
net.core.rmem_max = 4194304
net.core.wmem_default = 262144
net.core.wmem_max = 1048576
net.ipv4.conf.all.rp_filter = 2
net.ipv4.conf.default.rp_filter = 2
fs.aio-max-nr = 1048576
net.ipv4.ip_local_port_range = 9000 65500
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*kernel.shmall, kernel.shmmax 은 서버에 물리 메모리의 절반으로 설정 필요(byte 단위)
현재 서버의 물리 메모리를 8gb로 잡았기 때문에 절반인 4gb를 byte로 변경해 적용함(4*1024*1024*1024)
잘 입력되었는지 확인
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# /sbin/sysctl -p
fs.file-max = 6815744
kernel.sem = 250 32000 100 128
kernel.shmmni = 4096
kernel.shmall = 4294967296
kernel.shmmax = 4294967296
kernel.panic_on_oops = 1
net.core.rmem_default = 262144
net.core.rmem_max = 4194304
net.core.wmem_default = 262144
net.core.wmem_max = 1048576
net.ipv4.conf.all.rp_filter = 2
net.ipv4.conf.default.rp_filter = 2
fs.aio-max-nr = 1048576
net.ipv4.ip_local_port_range = 9000 65500
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아래 파일 내용 확인
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# cat /etc/security/limits.d/oracle-database-preinstall-19c.conf
# oracle-database-preinstall-19c setting for nofile soft limit is 1024
oracle soft nofile 1024
# oracle-database-preinstall-19c setting for nofile hard limit is 65536
oracle hard nofile 65536
# oracle-database-preinstall-19c setting for nproc soft limit is 16384
# refer orabug15971421 for more info.
oracle soft nproc 16384
# oracle-database-preinstall-19c setting for nproc hard limit is 16384
oracle hard nproc 16384
# oracle-database-preinstall-19c setting for stack soft limit is 10240KB
oracle soft stack 10240
# oracle-database-preinstall-19c setting for stack hard limit is 32768KB
oracle hard stack 32768
# oracle-database-preinstall-19c setting for memlock hard limit is maximum of 128GB on x86_64 or 3GB on x86 OR 90 % of RAM
oracle hard memlock 134217728
# oracle-database-preinstall-19c setting for memlock soft limit is maximum of 128GB on x86_64 or 3GB on x86 OR 90% of RAM
oracle soft memlock 134217728
# oracle-database-preinstall-19c setting for data soft limit is 'unlimited'
oracle soft data unlimited
# oracle-database-preinstall-19c setting for data hard limit is 'unlimited'
oracle hard data unlimited
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패스워드 설정
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# passwd oracle
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selinux permissive 설정
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# vi /etc/selinux/config
SELINUX=permissive
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방화벽 해제
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# systemctl stop firewalld
# systemctl disable firewalld
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설치 경로 생성
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# mkdir -p /app/oracle/product/19c/
# mkdir -p /app/media
# chown -R oracle:dba /app
# chmod -R 775 /app
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서버에 Oracle Database 설치 미디어 업로드 후 권한 부여
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# ls -al /app/media
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 3059705302 Aug 26 19:53 LINUX.X64_193000_db_home.zip
# chown oracle:dba LINUX.X64_193000_db_home.zip
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오라클 계정 접속 후 .bash_profile 에 아래 내용 추가
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# su - oracle
$ vi .bash_profile
export ORACLE_HOSTNAME=ora19
export ORACLE_UNQNAME=oracle19
export ORACLE_BASE=/app/oracle
export ORACLE_HOME=$ORACLE_BASE/product/19c
export ORA_INVENTORY=/app/oraInventory
export ORACLE_SID=oracle19
export PATH=$ORACLE_HOME/bin:$ORACLE_HOME/OPatch:$PATH
export LD_LIBRARY_PATH=$ORACLE_HOME/lib:/lib:/usr/lib
export CLASSPATH=$ORACLE_HOME/jlib:$ORACLE_HOME/rdbms/jlib
export DISPLAY=192.168.137.1:0.0
stty erase ^H
alias ss="sqlplus / as sysdba"
alias bdump="cd $ORACLE_BASE/diag/rdbms/$ORACLE_SID/$ORACLE_SID/trace"
alias alert='vi $ORACLE_BASE/diag/rdbms/$ORACLE_SID/$ORACLE_SID/trace/alert_$ORACLE_SID.log'
alias alertf='tail -300f $ORACLE_BASE/diag/rdbms/$ORACLE_SID/$ORACLE_SID/trace/alert_$ORACLE_SID.log'
alias listen="vi $ORACLE_BASE/diag/tnslsnr/ora19/listener/trace/listener.log"
alias listenf="tail -300f $ORACLE_BASE/diag/tnslsnr/ora19/listener/trace/listener.log"
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적용
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$ . ./.bash_profile
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오라클 설치파일 압축해제
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$ cd $ORACLE_HOME
$ unzip /app/media/LINUX.X64_193000_db_home.zip
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Oracle Software 설치
엔진 설치 rsp 파일 백업
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$ cd $ORACLE_HOME/install/response
$ cp db_install.rsp db_install.rspbak
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rsp 파일 수정(요약)
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$ vi db_install.rsp
oracle.install.option=INSTALL_DB_SWONLY
UNIX_GROUP_NAME=dba
INVENTORY_LOCATION=/app/oraInventory
ORACLE_HOME=/app/oracle/product/19c
ORACLE_BASE=/app/oracle
oracle.install.db.InstallEdition=EE
oracle.install.db.OSDBA_GROUP=dba
oracle.install.db.OSOPER_GROUP=dba
oracle.install.db.OSBACKUPDBA_GROUP=dba
oracle.install.db.OSDGDBA_GROUP=dba
oracle.install.db.OSKMDBA_GROUP=dba
oracle.install.db.OSRACDBA_GROUP=dba
oracle.install.db.rootconfig.executeRootScript=true
oracle.install.db.rootconfig.configMethod=ROOT
oracle.install.db.ConfigureAsContainerDB=false
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rsp 파일 수정(전체)
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$ cat $ORACLE_HOME/install/response/db_install.rsp
####################################################################
## Copyright(c) Oracle Corporation 1998,2019. All rights reserved.##
## ##
## Specify values for the variables listed below to customize ##
## your installation. ##
## ##
## Each variable is associated with a comment. The comment ##
## can help to populate the variables with the appropriate ##
## values. ##
## ##
## IMPORTANT NOTE: This file contains plain text passwords and ##
## should be secured to have read permission only by oracle user ##
## or db administrator who owns this installation. ##
## ##
####################################################################
#------------------------------------------------------------------------------
# Do not change the following system generated value.
#------------------------------------------------------------------------------
oracle.install.responseFileVersion=/oracle/install/rspfmt_dbinstall_response_schema_v19.0.0
#-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
# Specify the installation option.
# It can be one of the following:
# - INSTALL_DB_SWONLY
# - INSTALL_DB_AND_CONFIG
#-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
oracle.install.option=INSTALL_DB_SWONLY
#-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
# Specify the Unix group to be set for the inventory directory.
#-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
UNIX_GROUP_NAME=dba
#-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
# Specify the location which holds the inventory files.
# This is an optional parameter if installing on
# Windows based Operating System.
#-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
INVENTORY_LOCATION=/app/oraInventory
#-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
# Specify the complete path of the Oracle Home.
#-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
ORACLE_HOME=/app/oracle/product/19c
#-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
# Specify the complete path of the Oracle Base.
#-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
ORACLE_BASE=/app/oracle
#-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
# Specify the installation edition of the component.
#
# The value should contain only one of these choices.
# - EE : Enterprise Edition
# - SE2 : Standard Edition 2
#-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
oracle.install.db.InstallEdition=EE
###############################################################################
# #
# PRIVILEGED OPERATING SYSTEM GROUPS #
# ------------------------------------------ #
# Provide values for the OS groups to which SYSDBA and SYSOPER privileges #
# needs to be granted. If the install is being performed as a member of the #
# group "dba", then that will be used unless specified otherwise below. #
# #
# The value to be specified for OSDBA and OSOPER group is only for UNIX based #
# Operating System. #
# #
###############################################################################
#------------------------------------------------------------------------------
# The OSDBA_GROUP is the OS group which is to be granted SYSDBA privileges.
#-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
oracle.install.db.OSDBA_GROUP=dba
#------------------------------------------------------------------------------
# The OSOPER_GROUP is the OS group which is to be granted SYSOPER privileges.
# The value to be specified for OSOPER group is optional.
#------------------------------------------------------------------------------
oracle.install.db.OSOPER_GROUP=dba
#------------------------------------------------------------------------------
# The OSBACKUPDBA_GROUP is the OS group which is to be granted SYSBACKUP privileges.
#------------------------------------------------------------------------------
oracle.install.db.OSBACKUPDBA_GROUP=dba
#------------------------------------------------------------------------------
# The OSDGDBA_GROUP is the OS group which is to be granted SYSDG privileges.
#------------------------------------------------------------------------------
oracle.install.db.OSDGDBA_GROUP=dba
#------------------------------------------------------------------------------
# The OSKMDBA_GROUP is the OS group which is to be granted SYSKM privileges.
#------------------------------------------------------------------------------
oracle.install.db.OSKMDBA_GROUP=dba
#------------------------------------------------------------------------------
# The OSRACDBA_GROUP is the OS group which is to be granted SYSRAC privileges.
#------------------------------------------------------------------------------
oracle.install.db.OSRACDBA_GROUP=dba
################################################################################
# #
# Root script execution configuration #
# #
################################################################################
#-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
# Specify the root script execution mode.
#
# - true : To execute the root script automatically by using the appropriate configuration methods.
# - false : To execute the root script manually.
#
# If this option is selected, password should be specified on the console.
#-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
oracle.install.db.rootconfig.executeRootScript=true
#--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
# Specify the configuration method to be used for automatic root script execution.
#
# Following are the possible choices:
# - ROOT
# - SUDO
#--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
oracle.install.db.rootconfig.configMethod=ROOT
#--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
# Specify the absolute path of the sudo program.
#
# Applicable only when SUDO configuration method was chosen.
#--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
oracle.install.db.rootconfig.sudoPath=
#--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
# Specify the name of the user who is in the sudoers list.
# Applicable only when SUDO configuration method was chosen.
# Note:For Single Instance database installations,the sudo user name must be the username of the user installing the database.
#--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
oracle.install.db.rootconfig.sudoUserName=
..
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엔진 설치
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$ cd $ORACLE_HOME
$ export CV_ASSUME_DISTID=OEL7.6
$ ./runInstaller -silent -responseFile $ORACLE_HOME/install/response/db_install.rsp
Launching Oracle Database Setup Wizard...
[WARNING] [INS-32047] The location (/app/oraInventory) specified for the central inventory is not empty.
ACTION: It is recommended to provide an empty location for the inventory.
Enter password for 'root' user: <-- [root 유저 패스워드 입력]
The response file for this session can be found at:
/app/oracle/product/19c/install/response/db_2024-08-26_09-14-13PM.rsp
You can find the log of this install session at:
/tmp/InstallActions2024-08-26_09-14-13PM/installActions2024-08-26_09-14-13PM.log
Successfully Setup Software.
Moved the install session logs to:
/app/oraInventory/logs/InstallActions2024-08-26_09-14-13PM
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설치 완료됨
리스너 설정
netca 진행
netca.rsp 파일 미수정시 기본값으로 리스너 구성됨
기본값 : 리스너명 : LISTENER, 리스너포트 : 1521 등)
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$ netca -silent -responseFile $ORACLE_HOME/assistants/netca/netca.rsp
Parsing command line arguments:
Parameter "silent" = true
Parameter "responsefile" = /app/oracle/product/19c/assistants/netca/netca.rsp
Done parsing command line arguments.
Oracle Net Services Configuration:
Profile configuration complete.
Oracle Net Listener Startup:
Running Listener Control:
/app/oracle/product/19c/bin/lsnrctl start LISTENER
Listener Control complete.
Listener started successfully.
Listener configuration complete.
Oracle Net Services configuration successful. The exit code is 0
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리스너 생성 완료됨
DB 생성
dbca.rsp 파일 백업
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$ cd $ORACLE_HOME/assistants/dbca
$ cp dbca.rsp dbca.rspbak
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dbca.rsp 파일 수정(요약)
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$ vi dbca.rsp
gdbName=oracle19
sid=oracle19
templateName=General_Purpose.dbc
sysPassword=oracle
systemPassword=oracle
storageType=FS
characterSet=KO16MSWIN949
listeners=LISTENER
automaticMemoryManagement=FALSE
totalMemory=1300
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*참고로 rsp 파일에서 Mandatory 가 No 인 항목은 굳이 값을 넣지 않아도됨
Yes 인 항목중에서 Default value 를 변경하고 싶은 경우에만 수정하면됨
일부 옵션 제거를 위해 General_Purpose 템플릿 수정
옵션들 모두 true 에서 false 로 변경
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$ cd /app/oracle/product/19c/assistants/dbca/templates/
$ cp General_Purpose.dbc General_Purpose.dbcbak
$ vi General_Purpose.dbc
(생략)
<CommonAttributes>
<option name="OMS" value="false" includeInPDBs="false"/>
<option name="JSERVER" value="false" includeInPDBs="false"/>
<option name="SPATIAL" value="false" includeInPDBs="false"/>
<option name="IMEDIA" value="false" includeInPDBs="false"/>
<option name="ORACLE_TEXT" value="false" includeInPDBs="false">
<tablespace id="SYSAUX"/>
</option>
<option name="SAMPLE_SCHEMA" value="false" includeInPDBs="false"/>
<option name="CWMLITE" value="false" includeInPDBs="false">
<tablespace id="SYSAUX"/>
</option>
<option name="APEX" value="false" includeInPDBs="false"/>
<option name="DV" value="false" includeInPDBs="false"/>
</CommonAttributes>
(생략)
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dbca 수행
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$ dbca -silent -createDatabase -responsefile $ORACLE_HOME/assistants/dbca/dbca.rsp
[WARNING] [DBT-06208] The 'SYS' password entered does not conform to the Oracle recommended standards.
CAUSE:
a. Oracle recommends that the password entered should be at least 8 characters in length, contain at least 1 uppercase character, 1 lower case character and 1 digit [0-9].
b.The password entered is a keyword that Oracle does not recommend to be used as password
ACTION: Specify a strong password. If required refer Oracle documentation for guidelines.
[WARNING] [DBT-06208] The 'SYSTEM' password entered does not conform to the Oracle recommended standards.
CAUSE:
a. Oracle recommends that the password entered should be at least 8 characters in length, contain at least 1 uppercase character, 1 lower case character and 1 digit [0-9].
b.The password entered is a keyword that Oracle does not recommend to be used as password
ACTION: Specify a strong password. If required refer Oracle documentation for guidelines.
Prepare for db operation
10% complete
Copying database files
40% complete
Creating and starting Oracle instance
42% complete
46% complete
50% complete
54% complete
60% complete
Completing Database Creation
66% complete
69% complete
70% complete
Executing Post Configuration Actions
100% complete
Database creation complete. For details check the logfiles at:
/app/oracle/cfgtoollogs/dbca/oracle19.
Database Information:
Global Database Name:oracle19
System Identifier(SID):oracle19
Look at the log file "/app/oracle/cfgtoollogs/dbca/oracle19/oracle19.log" for further details.
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완료됨
db 접속 후 확인
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$ sqlplus / as sysdba
SQL> select instance_name, status, version from v$instance;
INSTANCE_NAME STATUS VERSION
---------------- ------------ -----------------
oracle19 OPEN 19.0.0.0.0
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정상적으로 db 생성됨
container db 확인
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SQL>
set lines 200 pages 1000
col name for a20
select con_id, name, open_mode, to_char(open_time, 'yyyy/mm/dd hh24:mi:ss') open_time, dbid from v$containers;
CON_ID NAME OPEN_MODE OPEN_TIME DBID
---------- -------------------- ---------- ------------------- ----------
0 oracle19 READ WRITE 2024/08/26 21:53:36 3358252087
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19c dbca 기본값이 container database false 이기 때문에 non-container db로 생성됨
참조 :
https://positivemh.tistory.com/521
https://positivemh.tistory.com/522
https://positivemh.tistory.com/548
https://positivemh.tistory.com/550
https://positivemh.tistory.com/551
https://positivemh.tistory.com/761
https://positivemh.tistory.com/1144
https://pat98.tistory.com/1043
https://gotodba.com/2020/01/28/using-dbca-in-silent-mode-19c/
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